The judge in Washington State? James Robart? He's up for replacement.
Federal judges (District, Circuit, Supreme Court) are appointed for life. But there is something called the Rule of 80, which is any combination of age 65 plus years of service as an Article III (federally appointed) judge that equal 80. So, 65 years old, 15 years of service, or 70 years old and 10 years of service, etc. Once the Rule of 80 is attained, the judge can retire at full salary, or take "Senior Status" which is essentially continuing to work if they like, with a reduced workload (usually). It's like a form of semi-retirement. When a judge takes Senior Status, they do not occupy a judicial seat, and the seat is vacant, thus the President can appoint a replacement (with the advice and consent of the Senate, of course).
Obama kinda went nuts stacking the federal courts with liberal, activist judges. The Democratic-controlled Senate aided him by changing the Senate rules for confirmations to a simple majority (Harry Reid's Nuclear Option) instead of the normal 60 affirmative votes (a tact that is now coming back to haunt them). They left the rule for 60 votes in place for Supreme Court justices, tho. But it made it very easy for Obama to put in place those District and Circuit judges who legislate from the bench, many of whom who have been in the news in recent years for various rulings from same sex marriage to Muslim travel bans. Obama also installed many judges using Recess Appointments, which really ticked off a lot of Republicans. In all, Obama installed 51 federal judges.
It ticked off Republicans so much that in addition to Garland, they simply stopped confirming any federal judge nominated by Obama during the last two years. Obama put up 54 nominees in his last two years in office, of which zero got a full vote. To the Left, that's categorized as a judicial coup by the Republicans (Obama had up for nomination, for example, an Asian-Pacific American for the Texas courts, the first African American female judge for the 3rd Circuit, a Muslim American for the 9th Circuit. It was activist identity politics all around).
This leaves Trump with 114 vacancies on the Federal Bench, plus all of the Senior Status seats that are currently and soon-to-be vacant (14 judges have announced their intention to take Senior Status this year). That's about 12 percent of all of the federal judiciary. And according to Ballotpedia, 54 percent of all current federal judges will become eligible to take senior status at some point in the next four years. Most of those were appointed by Republican presidents, so Trump replacing them won't dramatically alter the ideology or the Courts. There will be 17 vacancies in the District Courts, including 4 in the 9th Circuit (I think 3 of those are Democrats, and 1 is a Republican). But if Trump replaces the 4 vacancies in the 9th Circuit with conservative judges, that will alter the composition of 18 Democratic nominees and 7 Republican nominees to that of 15 Democratic nominees and 10 Republican nominees.
Trump will indeed have the opportunity to have a major impact on the national judiciary by appointing judges who are more concerned with the Constitution and legal precedent than they are in interpreting existing law based on "feels." But of all of the nominations he makes, other than Neil Gorsuch for the Supreme Court, the one that will likely give him the most satisfaction is the one that replaces Judge James Robart in Washington State.
Incidentally, most nominees are given to the President by various non-partisan committees in Congress, and in the case of Washington State, they have their own little nominating committee within that state that offers nominees that are mostly a who's who of local favorites, liberal activists all. And the past 3 presidents pretty much have taken what they are given and just nominate from the list. Trump is already bucking that tradition by speaking with Republican members of the Senate and the House to get recommendations directly on judges. So it will be fun watching Democrats whine about that, too.
