Numbers, as you have proven, can be skued.
Skewed: to make conform to a specific concept, attitude, or planned result.
That's precisely why politically-based articles that use statistics as the basis from which conclusions are drawn are virtually meaningless. People tend to draw conclusions that aren't even present in the statistics, because they see cause and effect that aren't represented, and see correlations between things that simply aren't there.
For example of that is when people look at the black arrest and conviction statistics, they see that blacks are arrested and convicted at much higher rates than whites, and conclude it's because blacks commit more crimes (or conversely, blacks commit more crimes and thus are arrested more). Yet the basis for such a conclusion is not present in the statistics, even if both crimes committed and arrest and conviction statistics are present in the same study. Those aren't cause and effect, they are effect-only. What is not present in the statistics are all the times that whites were given a pass by cops (or prosecutors in dropping charges), for minor crimes. Maybe they were merely given a stern talking or a warning to instead of being arrested, or the suspicion isn't as strong with whites so they're given the benefit of the doubt. Whereas with blacks it's just the opposite, plus additional charges are filed for good measure to where actually pleading guilty to something you didn't do is infinitely preferable to being found guilty and serving a significantly longer sentence.
There are simply too many absent variables in the statistics to draw the conclusion that blacks are arrested and convicted more because they commit more crime. That's how pseudoscience or junk science works - drawing conclusions that aren't supported by the evidence, or worse, conclusions that are supported by illusory corollary (two or more data sets that aren't related but are joined together anyway because it allows you to draw a particular conclusion).
We can both throw numbers all day at each other. The fact is the "studies" don't substantiate your claims. I'm sure you can provide states, but throw them into a study and what comes out is totally different.
Well, the only claim that I made was the percentages of the US population that are white and black. The rest wasn't claims, but rather to demonstrate how easy it is to draw severely flawed conclusions when using statistics as the basis for those conclusions.
While there are obvious issues it still boils down to this.
When stopped by a cop, follow directions.
In the abstract I agree with you. My philosophy is to be over-the-top cooperative, to the point where they'd have no choice but to describe me as very cooperative. It's just human nature that when someone gets on you bad side, you'll go out of your way to
not give them a break on
anything. Granted, I've never been harassed by the police and I haven't had very many run-ins with the police other than traffic stops. But I've had a couple, and both turned out OK, in part I'm sure because I was very cooperative.
I find this interesting
"About 1% of drivers pulled over in traffic stops had physical force used against them by police. Of these drivers, 55% believed the police behaved properly during the stop."
Of the 45% who didn't believe the police behaved properly, how many were white, black and hispanic? How many have rap sheets? How many were male or female? Ages etc...
We'd need to know a lot more information than that in order for it to mean much, not the least of which is, of the 55% and the 45%, how many of the cops were white, black or Hispanic, did any of them have a history of violence (including police brutality complaints and even domestic abuse), their ages, length of time on the force, etc. And, which cops, if any, were wearing body cameras or were on video from dash cameras. It's still early, but we've already seen some impressive evidence that shows when police are wearing body cameras the number of police brutality claims drops significantly, likely due to a combination of fewer bogus claims are filed, and the police tend to behave themselves when they know they are being recorded.
The moral of this debate is, it ain't over and never will be. It's been going on for 300 years and will continue long past when all of us are gone.
Perhaps this has something to do with it.
The Science of Why Cops Shoot Young Black Men | Mother Jones
I think it can be ended. It's not much different than the example noted in the article where in some parts of the country people are no longer startled or upset with interracial relationships. The white cop - black citizen thing is just another part of the paradox. Part of the not caring much about the interracial couples thing, though, also has to do with familiarity and getting used to something. Prejudice is in part a fear mechanism, we fear what we don't know. understand, and are unfamiliar with. On that issue I disagree with the article where it says we are not born with prejudices, because we are. It's hard coded in the DNA and survival instincts. We seek out and are more comfortable with others who are most like us, who look most like us. It's inherently familiar, more comfortable, and aids in the survival of the species.
You put 500 each of Asians, Hispanics, blacks and whites into a gymnasium and it won't take long for them to largely separate and congregate into like groups. There will be a few stragglers intermixing, but not many. And it'll take a really, really long time for people of one group to become familiar and comfortable with significant numbers of the other groups because they've already coalesced into like groups. However, do the same thing with 5 of each group and there will be far less grouping, because the entire group of 20 becomes familiar and comfortable.
Whites are afraid of blacks. But, when A white person gets to know A black person one-on-one, they become familiar and comfortable. There's no reason to be afraid or wary.
As part of the paradox of society, at least some portion of society realizes all this (consciously or unconsciously), and they make the decision that people are people, that we all have the same wants, needs and desires, and there's no need for prejudice when interacting with each other in our daily lives. Not everybody makes that decision, and there will be situations where the prejudice deep within us all rises to the surface.
Now back to why I think it can be ended. These things tend to come in waves, or like the pendulum swinging back and forth. It has ended before, countless times, only to happen again, of course. But for the most part each cycle tends to be a little less severe when it's bad, and a little more better when it's good. Because of the perceptions and the narratives out there, it will as always need to be the police to initiate the changes. They are usually the ones that cause things to go bad, they're the ones with power, the ones doing the abusing, the ones escalating things by their militarizations. Citizens not respecting the police, not cooperating, ambushing the police and assassinating them those are reactionary actions rather than causations.
The police have a set of principles of good policing, a code of ethics almost, that if they follow them, the general public responds accordingly. I'd be very surprised if there are any trained police officers or police departments that are unfamiliar with these principles. They are called the Peelian Principles, or the Nine Principles of Policing. Sir Robert 'peel developed these principles in the early 1800s when he attempted to codify and define an ethical police force. Take a close look at these and note which ones the police follow, and how much better things would be if they followed all of them.
PRINCIPLE 1 The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment.
PRINCIPLE 2 The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon the public approval of their existence, actions and behavior, and on their ability to secure and maintain public respect.
PRINCIPLE 3 Police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect of the public.
PRINCIPLE 4 To recognize always that the extent to which the co-operation of the public can be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force and compulsion for achieving police objectives.
PRINCIPLE 5 To seek and preserve public favor, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws
{enforce the spirit of the law rather than the letter of the law}, by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
PRINCIPLE 6 To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public co-operation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective.
PRINCIPLE 7 Police, at all times, should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police; the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence.
PRINCIPLE 8 To recognize always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
PRINCIPLE 9 The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it.
{That means no SWAT teams for collecting an unpaid property tax bill from a 92 year old man.}