Any analogy between personal debt and government debt is a spurious one. It's spurious for many reasons, but the one big one is the Fed can buy back public debt, but an individual cannot do that.
Personal debt for a house or a child's education is fine, as long as the family is careful about the amount of debt it takes on, it could pay off handsomely, giving them a comfortable place to live for many years and ensuring their child has higher future earnings. If, on the other hand, they take on debt to pay day-to-day expenses, vacations, expensive cars or a nifty new boat, that's gonna be a problem. They can't buy back the debt, all they can do is pay it off. If they don't have the money to pay it off, they're screwed.
When the government borrows money to pay for things that have a long-term payoff, such as a highways, schools, and things that help grow the economy, deficit bond financing makes a lot of sense because as the economy grows so does the tax revenue and the debt becomes less burdensome (a $1 million debt for a middle class family is a burden, not so much for someone like Bill Gates). When the government borrows money just to pay its year-in, year-out expenses, it’s really just a tax increase.
The notion that our children will have to pay off the national debt is also spurious, because it is the same equating of personal debt that must be paid off with government debt that doesn't. We haven't have to pay off the national debt of our fathers or grandfathers any more than our children will have to pay it off.
The national debt has become a catch-all for everything that ails American and it's economy. It's become the Monsters, Inc. of scary nighttime closets. The reality is, it's an accounting concept. There are plenty of countries with much higher debt ratios than the US, and they'e doing fine. We've been in debt for 200 years, England for 300. Government debt isn't a big deal. It's only a bog deal if it gets too high.
There are rich people who borrow a lot of money, and there are poor people who live strictly within their means. The question of whether someone is rich or poor is separate from the question of how much money they borrow. Just like the question of how much the government should spend is a completely separate question from what is the proper level of deficit spending (deficit is the gap between revenue and spending, and deficit spending is the money borrowed to fill the gap). It's the political ideologies that drive the argument over the proper size of government and the proper level of the deficit. Neither side is right, or wrong, it's ultimately just different ways of doing the same things.
The national debt isn't a bottom line of an accountant ledger, it's the accumulation of deficits over time. Even if we had a balanced budget for next year, we'd still have the accumulated deficit. It would take a lifetime of balanced budgets to erase the national debt. It rises rapidly during times of depression and war, and occasionally falls in times of prosperity and restraint, but mostly it just rises slowly, relentlessly. But there’s really no need to eliminate the debt entirely. Having no debt could be problematic, as government debt, in the form of U.S. Treasury bonds, plays a crucial role in the inner workings of the financial system, offering a place for investors to put their money that is considered safe. Eliminate the US debt and the stock markets, and the economy along with it, would crash so hard that the Great Depression would look like losing a $2 bet at the race track.
Interest rates plays the key role in all of this, of course. A high level of debt is perfectly manageable at 3%, but could be devastating at 6%. Every rise in interest rates by a single percentage point increases the annual cost to service that debt by about $450 for every American. So even though interest rates are very low now, current U.S. debt levels are a concern. The national debt itself isn't something people really need to worry about, it's really more about government spending that's the larger concern. The government doesn't need to take money from this program or that program and use it to pay down the debt, since doing so will have zero effect on the economy (ours or the world's), they simply need to not spend that money in the first place, because the deficit ratio of revenue to spending has simply gotten too high.
Paying down the debt won't have any effect on the ratio at all, as paying down the debt is still spending. With debt levels high relative to the size of the economy, like we are now, we lose control of our own destiny in terms of public finances. The only way to take control of that destiny is to control spending.