Shawn,
Refineries have a lot to do with it.
But more than that, the falling dollar is what is behind the recent hikes in fuel. Coupled with the lowering of the interest rate to 'save' people who are greedy (majority of them) and the lack of confidence on the international market, has force the dollar down even more. When the dollar goes down, the price of oil goes up because it is traded on the international market, not Chicago.
In addition to all that, the administration has been so concern with the problems of the home owner and the housing market it has ignored the need to be involved with the dollar and this is has been going on for a while.
I don't buy the environmental argument that we are damaging it, we are limited more and more but I don't any real improvements since the 90's but don't forget that we do live in the cleanest industrialized nation and even the ones who claim that they are cleaner have a lot of hidden pollution that they will not talk about.
However, I do fault the auto companies for not being proactive and looking short term (domestic companies). They are reaping what was sewn back in the late 80's and have to deal with the problem. If the case of buying up engine plans were true, then I would think that Toyota and Honda are also in that scheme to keep things off the market - but they are not. I like to use a quote 'We can put men on the moon in my life time but we can't produce a car that gets 50 miles per gallon' Lewis Black, and he is sooooo right.
Again, it is the government that is the real cause of all this, no one else.