I would recommend that everyone back up critical data from their computer, be it photos or business information. Backing it up is easy with these 'online' backup services.
But ... a few thoughts ...
First it is highly unlikely that the power supply caused any problems, there are too many things in line with the power that a surge would do this. More likely than not the drive just crapped out, even new ones do that every once in a while.
Second the use of a solid state drive is recommended but for the price, they put you in 1999 storage rates.
Are they worth it?
Yep they are mainly because they are quick. Tigerdirect and Microcenter both have them, I just bought a few for $50 each - 64gb SSD. I would think a person who can clone the HD would be able to help you move to that new drive.
Third, I would not use a 12 volt 'adapter' unless there is something else in line or the thing is isolated from the starting system of the truck/van. There is a surge that can happen from starters in the power system and every piece of equipment that is hooked up to that main power is in some way protected to a certain extent from that surge. This can fry more than the drive, I can tell you this from practical experience with my poor old compaq laptop that now anchors my book case.
Forth is - with all the mods running around, why is this not in the tech forum?