Re: Installing Fan-Tastic Roof Vent On Cargo Vans
Standard 110/120-volt AC electrical wiring is Black (+) Hot and White (-) Ground or neutral (or white is used to connect a switch to a circuit).
In automotive 12-volt chassis installations, and for things that run off the chassis electrical system, Black (-) Ground and Red (+) Hot. We all are familiar with that.
But in an RV installation where circuits service living quarters, White is always the Ground (or to a switch), and some other color, Black, Red, Blue is always the Hot wire.
The reason for RV living quarters being wired the same as household current is because when they build RVs they have the same electricians wire the 12v and the 110v living quarters circuits at the same time. That way there's no confusion when it comes time to connect shore power, and can be critical when using auto-switching power sources. The chassis wiring, which is like automotive wiring, will use the standard 12v red (+) and black (-). The vent fan may be 12-volts, but it's still living quarters.
So, generally speaking, in a two-wire connection, if the wires are black and red, that's obviously chassis wiring and black is (-) and red is (+). If the wire pair is black and white, the black becomes the (+) because the white is always (-).
Ground or (-) is usually never any other color but black or white. So, if a white wire is present it's usually the (-).
The one common excdeption to this would be automotive audio speaker wiring, where white and white/black are usually one of the speaker pairs, but that's really neither living quarters or chassis wiring.